Cell Line Reference

XF Assays have been used to measure normal and pathophysiological bioenergetics in a wide variety of primary and immortalized cell types.

Although potentially any cell type can be measured in an XF assay, good cell culture practice and optimization of media components and environment are keys to ensuring relevant and robust cellular bioenergetic measurements.

The following database identifies cell types that have been successfully analyzed in XF assays:

Cell/Tissue/Organelle Species Assay/Area of Study
Primary muscle human, murine Substrate utilization, mitochondrial function / metabolic diseases and aging
Primary adipocytes human, murine Substrate utilization, mitochondrial function / metabolic diseases
Primary cardiomyocytes murine, feline Mitochondrial function, energy expenditure / ischemia-reperfusion injury and repair, cardiovascular disease
Primary hepatocytes human, murine, rat Substrate utilization, mitochondria toxicity, insulin action / metabolic diseases, in vitro toxicity
Pancreatic islet murine Mitochondrial function, energy expenditure / insulin secretion, metabolic diseases
Primary cortical neurons murine, rat Mitochondria function / neurodegenerative disease & aging
Primary embryonic fibroblasts human, murine Substrate utilization, mitochondria function / metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, drug screening
Primary lymphocytes human, murine Mitochondrial function, energy expenditure / diabetes, signaling, autoimmune disease
Glomeruli rat Mitochondrial function, energy expenditure / renal function, ischemia-reperfusion injury and repair, cardiovascular disease
Primary glomerular podocytes murine Mitochondrial function, energy expenditure / renal function, ischemia-reperfusion injury and repair, cardiovascular disease
Primary proximal tubule cells rabbit Mitochondrial function, energy expenditure / renal function, ischemia-reperfusion injury and repair, cardiovascular disease
Primary umbilical vein endothelial cells human Mitochondrial function, energy expenditure / angiogenesis, metabolic diseases
Primary retina (tissue punch) bovine Mitochondrial function, energy expenditure / retinitis pigmentosa, age related macular degeneration
Primary stomach epithelia (tissue punch) murine Mitochondrial function, energy expenditure / secretory function
Cybrids and cybrid Rho0 human Mitochondrial dysfunction / metabolic diseases
Glioma neurospheres human Energy expenditure / cancer, drug screening
C2C12 muscle cell line, blasts and tubes murine Substrate utilization, mitochondrial function / metabolic diseases, insulin action
L6 myoblasts (skeletal muscle) rat Substrate utilization, mitochondrial function / metabolic diseases
3T3 L1 differentiated to adipose-like murine Substrate utilization, mitochondrial function / metabolic diseases
HUVEC umbilical vein endothelial cell line human Mitochondrial function, energy expenditure / cardiovascular disease, angiogenesis, metabolic diseases
CHO ovary cell line Chinese hamster Energy expenditure, cell signaling / bioprocessing, engineered cell line development, receptor overexpression studies, drug screening
HEK293 transformed embryonic kidney cell line human Cell signaling / receptor overexpression studies, drug screening
RMS-13 muscle rhabdomyosarcoma cell line human Substrate utilization, mitochondrial function / metabolic diseases
INS-1 insulinoma rat Mitochondrial function, energy expenditure / insulin secretion, metabolic diseases
LN18 glioblastoma cell line human Energy expenditure / cancer, drug screening
K562, Jurkat leukemia cell lines human, rat Energy expenditure / cancer, drug screening
MCF-7, MD-MB-231, MDMB-431 breast cancer cell lines human Energy expenditure / cancer, drug screening
HCT116 , SW480 colon carcinoma cell line human Energy expenditure / cancer, drug screening
UMRC-2 renal carcinoma cell line human Energy expenditure / cancer, drug screening
HepG2, H4II-E hepatoma cell line Human, rat Substrate utilization, mitochondrial function / metabolic diseases, in vitro toxicity, cancer, drug screening
PC-3, LnCap prostate cancer cell line human Energy expenditure / cancer, drug screening
H460, A549 NSCLC cell line human Energy expenditure / cancer, drug screening
Hela cervical cancer cell line human Energy expenditure / cancer, drug screening
L929 embryonic fibroblast cell line murine Mitochondrial function, energy expenditure / inflammation
CH27, A20, BW1349 B-cell hybridomas murine Substrate utilization, energy expenditure / cell growth, protein production
Permeabilized neonatal cardiomyocytes murine Substrate utilization, mitochondrial function / ischemia-reperfusion injury and repair, cardiovascular disease