Applications in Obesity, Diabetes, & Metabolic Disorders
App Notes & Tech Briefs
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Measuring bioenergetic profiles of human adipocytes
Measuring white adipose tissue (WAT) mitochondrial function reveals impaired fatty acid stimulated uncoupling from obese individuals
White adipose tissue (WAT) is increasingly being recognized for its importance in regulating metabolic homeostasis, in addition to passive lipid storage. However, mature adipocytes and WAT are challenging to study because they are laden with lipid and float on top of media...
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Measuring mitochondrial respiration in intact skeletal muscle fibers
Assessment of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle is a powerful tool for modeling neuromuscular conditions including muscular dystrophy, aging and cachexia. Similarly, skeletal muscle plays an important role in normal and pathological metabolism, such as obesity and diabetes. The majority of investigations use measurements of single mitochondrial enzymes as a surrogate to measuring mitochondrial function which does not provide a complete physiological readout of the mitochondria...
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Measuring fatty acid oxidation in muscle cells
A sensitive non-radiometric real-time assay of FAO
Altered fatty acid metabolism by skeletal muscle can lead to insulin resistance and the accumulation of lipid in non-adipose tissue. This accumulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases including diabetes and heart failure...
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Direct Comparison of Radiometric versus XF24 Flux Assays to Measure Substrate Utilization
With accuracies comparable to those obtained with radiometric assays, the Seahorse XF24 Analyzer measures substrate utilization via extracellular fluxes of metabolites such as oxygen and protons to estimate metabolic fluxes due to mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, respectively...
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Analyzing microgram quantities of isolated mitochondria in the XF24 Analyzer
Enhanced appreciation of the role of altered mitochondrial function in tumorigenesis, aging, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases has stimulated the development of a variety of new approaches for assessing mitochondrial function and dysfunction. As the field moves towards the discovery of mitochondrial-related, molecular mechanisms that underlie disease, and drugs to prevent or reverse disease development, the demand for higher throughput and more sensitive assay methods increases...
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Publications
Bile acids induce energy expenditure by promoting intracellular thyroid hormone activation
Nature; 2006 Jan 26. 439 (7075):484-489.
The small polyphenolic molecule kaempferol increases cellular energy expenditure and thyroid hormone activation
Diabetes; 2007 Mar 1. 56 (3):767-776.
Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma coactivator-1 expression is reduced in obesity: potential pathogenic role of saturated fatty acids and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation
J Biol Chem; 2007 May 25. 282 (21):15439-15450.
Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial segregation and elimination by autophagy
EMBO J; 2008 Jan 23. 27 (2):433-446.
Specific SIRT1 activation mimics low energy levels and protects against diet-induced metabolic disorders by enhancing fat oxidation
Cell Metab; 2008 Nov 1. 8 (5):347-358.
AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD+ metabolism and SIRT1 activity
Nature; 2009 Apr 23. 458 (7241):1056-1060.
TGR5-mediated bile acid sensing controls glucose homeostasis
Cell Metab; 2009 Sep 1. 10 (3):167-177.
C/EBPalpha and the corepressors CtBP1 and CtBP2 regulate repression of select visceral white adipose genes during induction of the brown phenotype in white adipocytes by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists
Mol Cell Biol; 2009 Sep 1. 29 (17):4714-4728.
KSR2 is an essential regulator of AMP kinase, energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity
Cell Metab; 2009 Nov 1. 10 (5):366-378.
Mice lacking Pctp /StarD2 exhibit increased adaptive thermogenesis and enlarged mitochondria in brown adipose tissue
J Lipid Res; 2009 Nov 1. 50 (11):2212-2221.
Tight coupling between glucose and mitochondrial metabolism in clonal beta-cells is required for robust insulin secretion
J Biol Chem; 2009 Nov 20. 284 (47):32395-32404.
Insulin signaling regulates mitochondrial function in pancreatic beta-cells
PLoS One; 2009 Nov 24. 4 (11):e7983.
Insulin resistance and altered systemic glucose metabolism in mice lacking Nur77
Diabetes; 2009 Dec 1. 58 (12):2788-2796.
The histone deacetylase Sirt6 regulates glucose homeostasis via Hif1α
Cell; 2010 Jan 22. 140 (2):280-293.
A plasma signature of human mitochondrial disease revealed through metabolic profiling of spent media from cultured muscle cells
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 2010 Jan 26. 107 (4):1571-1575.
Nutrient-sensitized screening for drugs that shift energy metabolism from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis
Nat Biotechnol; 2010 Mar 1. 28 (3):249-255.
Interdependence of AMPK and SIRT1 for metabolic adaptation to fasting and exercise in skeletal muscle
Cell Metab; 2010 Mar 3. 11 (3):213-219.
The homeobox protein Prox1 is a negative modulator of ERR{α}/PGC-1{α} bioenergetic functions
Genes Dev; 2010 Mar 15. 24 (6):537-542.
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 suppresses lipolysis, stimulates lipogenesis, and promotes fat storage
Diabetes; 2010 Apr 1. 59 (4):775-781.
Regulation of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and insulin signaling by the mitochondrial rhomboid protease PARL
Cell Metab; 2010 May 5. 11 (5):412-426.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 controls mitochondrial metabolism and insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13 clonal beta-cells
Biochem J; 2010 Jul 1. 429 (1):205-213.
Glucose regulates enzymatic sources of mitochondrial NADPH in skeletal muscle cells, a novel role for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
FASEB J; 2010 Jul 1. 24 (7):2495-2506.
High glucose disrupts mitochondrial morphology in retinal endothelial cells: implications for diabetic retinopathy
Am J Pathol; 2010 Jul 1. 177 (1):447-455.
Adipose acyl-CoA synthetase-1 directs fatty acids toward beta-oxidation and is required for cold thermogenesis
Cell Metab; 2010 Jul 4. 12 (1):53-64.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates energy metabolism by activating the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 2010 Jul 13. 107 (28):12553-12558.
Wnt signaling regulates mitochondrial physiology and insulin sensitivity
Genes Dev; 2010 Jul 15. 24 (14):1507-1518.
A model of Costeff Syndrome reveals metabolic and protective functions of mitochondrial OPA3
Development; 2010 Aug 1. 137 (15):2587-2596.
Pyruvate suppresses PGC1α expression and substrate utilization despite increased respiratory chain content in C2C12 myotubes
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol; 2010 Aug 1. 299 (2):C240-250.
Respiration in adipocytes is inhibited by reactive oxygen species
Obesity (Silver Spring); 2010 Aug 1. 18 (8):1493-1502.
Cardiolipin remodeling by ALCAT1 links oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to obesity
Cell Metab; 2010 Aug 4. 12 (2):154-165.
A high-throughput respirometric assay for mitochondrial biogenesis and toxicity
Anal Biochem; 2010 Sep 1. 404 (1):75-81.
Absence of thyroid hormone activation during development underlies a permanent defect in adaptive thermogenesis
Endocrinology; 2010 Sep 1. 151 (9):4573-4582.
Acute stimulation of white adipocyte respiration by PKA-induced lipolysis
Diabetes; 2010 Oct 1. 59 (10):2474-2483.
SIRT4 regulates fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial gene expression in liver and muscle cells
J Biol Chem; 2010 Oct 15. 285 (42):31995-32002.
Mitochondrial matrix pH controls oxidative phosphorylation and metabolism-secretion coupling in INS-1E clonal beta cells
FASEB J; 2010 Nov 1. 24 (11):4613-4626.
Heart-type fatty acid binding protein is essential for efficient brown adipose tissue fatty acid oxidation and cold tolerance
J Biol Chem; 2010 Nov 1. 286 (1):380-390.
Mechanisms of metformin action on glucose transport and metabolism in human adipocytes
Biochem Pharmacol; 2010 Dec 1. 80 (11):1736-1745.
Identification of inducible brown adipocyte progenitors residing in skeletal muscle and white fat
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 2011 Jan 4. 108 (1):143-148.
A common variant in TFB1M is associated with reduced insulin secretion and increased future risk of type 2 diabetes
Cell Metab; 2011 Jan 5. 13 (1):80-91.
The adipocyte-expressed forkhead transcription factor foxc2 regulates metabolism through altered mitochondrial function
Diabetes; 2011 Feb 1. 60 (2):427-435.
Wnt signaling regulates hepatic metabolism
Sci Signal; 2011 Feb 1. 4 (158):ra6.
The chemical chaperones tauroursodeoxycholic and 4-phenylbutyric acid accelerate thyroid hormone activation and energy expenditure
FEBS Lett; 2011 Feb 4. 585 (3):539-544.
Telomere dysfunction induces metabolic and mitochondrial compromise
Nature; 2011 Feb 9. 470 (7334):359-365.
Mesodermal developmental gene Tbx15 impairs adipocyte differentiation and mitochondrial respiration
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 2011 Feb 15. 108 (7):2771-2776.
Corepressor SMRT promotes oxidative phosphorylation in adipose tissue and protects against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 2011 Feb 22. 108 (8):3412-3417.
Uncoupling protein-2 attenuates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1E insulinoma cells by lowering mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
Free Radic Biol Med; 2011 Mar 1. 50 (5):609-616.
Dietary fat sensing via fatty acid oxidation in enterocytes: possible role in the control of eating
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol; 2011 Mar 1. 300 (3):R554-565.
Inactivation of the mitochondrial carrier SLC25A25 (ATP-MG2+/Pi transporter) reduces physical endurance and metabolic efficiency in mice
J Biol Chem; 2011 Apr 1. 286 (13):11659-11671.
9-oxo-10(E),12(E)-octadecadienoic acid derived from tomato is a potent PPAR α agonist to decrease triglyceride accumulation in mouse primary hepatocytes
Mol Nutr Food Res; 2011 Apr 1. 55 (4):585-93.
Metabolomic analyses reveal profound differences in glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism in glucose-responsive and -unresponsive clonal beta-cell lines
Biochem J; 2011 Apr 1. 435 (1):277-284.
Ncb5or deficiency increases fatty acid catabolism and oxidative stress
J Biol Chem; 2011 Apr 1. 286 (13):11141-11154.
PARP-2 Regulates SIRT1 Expression and Whole-Body Energy Expenditure
Cell Metab; 2011 Apr 6. 13 (4):450-460.
PARP-1 Inhibition Increases Mitochondrial Metabolism through SIRT1 Activation
Cell Metab; 2011 Apr 6. 13 (4):461-468.
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha enhances fatty acid oxidation in human adipocytes
Biochem Biophys Res Commun; 2011 Apr 22. 407 (4):818-822.
To eat or not to eat: neuronal metabolism, mitophagy, and Parkinson's disease
Antioxid Redox Signal; 2011 May 15. 14 (10):1979-1987.
Reduced cytochrome C is an essential regulator of sustained insulin secretion by pancreatic islets
J Biol Chem; 2011 May 20. 286 (20):17422-17434.
High fat diet induces an initial adaptation of mitochondrial bioenergetics in the kidney despite evident oxidative stress and mitochondrial ROS production
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab; 2011 Jun 1. 300 (6):1047-1058.
Glutathionylation acts as a control switch for uncoupling proteins UCP2 and UCP3
J Biol Chem; 2011 Jun 17. 286 (24):21865-21875.
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-[alpha] (PPAR[alpha]) suppresses postprandial lipidemia through fatty acid oxidation in enterocytes
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications; 2011 Jun 24. 410 (1):40549.
Mice lacking microRNA 133a develop dynamin 2–dependent centronuclear myopathy
The Journal of Clinical Investigation; 2011 Jul 1. 121 (8):3258-3268.
The dynamin-related GTPase Opa1 is required for glucose-stimulated ATP production in pancreatic beta cells
Mol Biol Cell; 2011 Jul 1. 22 (13):2235-2245.
Atrial natriuretic peptide regulates lipid mobilization and oxygen consumption in human adipocytes by activating AMPK
Biochem Biophys Res Commun; 2011 Jul 8. 410 (3):398-403.
Differential regulation of metabolism by nitric oxide and S-nitrosothiols in endothelial cells
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol; 2011 Sep 1. 301 (3):H803-812.
A Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor {gamma} (PPAR{gamma})/PPAR{gamma} Coactivator 1{beta} Autoregulatory Loop in Adipocyte Mitochondrial Function
J Biol Chem; 2011 Sep 2. 286 (35):30723-30731.
SIRT3 attenuates palmitate-induced ROS production and inflammation in proximal tubular cells
Free Radic Biol Med; 2011 Sep 15. 51 (6):1258-1267.
The PGC-1{alpha}-related coactivator promotes mitochondrial and myogenic adaptations in C2C12 myotubes
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol; 2011 Oct 1. 301 (4):R864-872.
The differential role of hif1beta/arnt and the hypoxic response in adipose function, fibrosis, and inflammation
Cell Metab; 2011 Oct 5. 14 (4):491-503.
Orexin is required for brown adipose tissue development, differentiation, and function
Cell Metab; 2011 Oct 5. 14 (4):478-490.
Mitochondrial Complex III ROS Regulate Adipocyte Differentiation
Cell Metab; 2011 Oct 5. 14 (4):537-544.
Beta-Cell Uncoupling Protein 2 Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production, Which Influences Both Insulin and Glucagon Secretion
Diabetes; 2011 Nov 1. 60 (11):2710-2719.
High Glucose Induces Mitochondrial Morphology and Metabolic Changes in Retinal Pericytes
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci; 2011 Nov 7. 52 (12):8657-64.
NCoR1 Is a Conserved Physiological Modulator of Muscle Mass and Oxidative Function
Cell; 2011 Nov 11. 147 (4):827-839.
Fatty Acids Suppress Autophagic Turnover in beta-Cells
J Biol Chem; 2011 Dec 9. 286 (49):42534-42544.
Galactose enhances oxidative metabolism and reveals mitochondrial dysfunction in human primary muscle cells
PLoS One; 2011 Dec 15. 6 (12):e28536.
The nuclear receptor PPARbeta/delta programs muscle glucose metabolism in cooperation with AMPK and MEF2
Genes Dev; 2011 Dec 15. 25 (24):2619-30.
Human Pompe disease induced pluripotent stem cells for pathogenesis modeling, drug testing and disease marker identification
Hum Mol Genet; 2011 Dec 15. 20 (24):4851-64.
Dietary supplementation with decaffeinated green coffee improves diet-induced insulin resistance and brain energy metabolism in mice
Nutr Neurosci; 2012 Jan 1. 15 (1):37-45.
Triiodothyronine induces UCP-1 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis in human adipocytes
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol; 2012 Jan 1. 302 (2):C463-472.
Crucial yet divergent roles of mitochondrial redox state in skeletal muscle vs. brown adipose tissue energetics
FASEB J; 2012 Jan 1. 26 (1):363-75.
Programming human pluripotent stem cells into white and brown adipocytes
Nat Cell Biol; 2012 Jan 15. 14 (2):209-19.
Reactive oxygen species stimulate insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islets: studies using mono-oleoyl-glycerol
PLoS One; 2012 Jan 17. 7 (1):e30200.
Dietary obesity-associated Hif1alpha activation in adipocytes restricts fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditure via suppression of the Sirt2-NAD+ system
Genes Dev; 2012 Feb 1. 26 (3):259-270.
Resolution of mitochondrial oxidative stress rescues coronary collateral growth in Zucker obese fatty rats
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol; 2012 Feb 1. 32 (2):325-334.
Resveratrol ameliorates aging-related metabolic phenotypes by inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterases
Cell; 2012 Feb 3. 148 (3):421-433.
Altered mitochondrial function and metabolic inflexibility associated with loss of caveolin-1
Cell Metab; 2012 Feb 8. 15 (2):171-185.
Cardiac natriuretic peptides act via p38 MAPK to induce the brown fat thermogenic program in mouse and human adipocytes
J Clin Invest; 2012 Mar 1. 122 (3):1022-36.
Berardinelli-seip congenital lipodystrophy 2/seipin is a cell-autonomous regulator of lipolysis essential for adipocyte differentiation
Mol Cell Biol; 2012 Mar 1. 32 (6):1099-1111.
The Transcriptional Coactivators, PGC-1? and ?, Cooperate to Maintain Cardiac Mitochondrial Function During the Early Stages of Insulin Resistance
J Mol Cell Cardiol; 2012 Mar 1. 52 (3):701-10.
Pten positively regulates brown adipose function, energy expenditure, and longevity
Cell Metab; 2012 Mar 7. 15 (3):382-394.
Platelet Mitochondrial Dysfunction is Evident in Type 2 Diabetes in Association with Modifications of Mitochondrial Anti-Oxidant Stress Proteins
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes; 2012 Apr 1. 120 (4):248-51.
Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis by lipoprotein lipase in muscle of insulin-resistant offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes
Diabetes; 2012 Apr 1. 61 (4):877-887.
Coordinate regulation of lipid metabolism by novel nuclear receptor partnerships
PLoS Genet; 2012 Apr 1. 8 (4):e1002645.
Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) links mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum function with insulin signaling and is essential for normal glucose homeostasis
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 2012 Apr 3. 109 (14):5523-5528.
Modulating molecular chaperones improves sensory fiber recovery and mitochondrial function in diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Experimental Neurology; 2012 May 1. 235 (1):388-96.
A novel high-throughput assay for islet respiration reveals uncoupling of rodent and human islets
PLoS One; 2012 May 14. 7 (5):e33023.
Muscle or liver-specific Sirt3 deficiency induces hyperacetylation of mitochondrial proteins without affecting global metabolic homeostasis
Sci Rep; 2012 May 28. 2 (425)
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma Decouples Fatty Acid Uptake from Lipid Inhibition of Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle
Mol Endocrinol; 2012 Jun 1. 26 (6):977-988.
Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 regulates a thermogenic program in white adipose tissue
Nat Med; 2012 Jun 1. 18 (6):918-25.
Cellular Responses to the Metal-Binding Properties of Metformin
Diabetes; 2012 Jun 1. 61 (6):1423-33.
Impaired adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signalling in dorsal root ganglia neurons is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and peripheral neuropathy in diabetes
Brain; 2012 Jun 1. 135 (Pt 6):1751-66.
Isoenergetic feeding of low carbohydrate-high fat diets does not increase brown adipose tissue thermogenic capacity in rats
PLoS One; 2012 Jun 13. 7 (6):e38997.
Endothelial cell and platelet bioenergetics: effect of glucose and nutrient composition
PLoS One; 2012 Jun 22. 7 (6):e39430.
Blockade of the Activin Receptor IIB Activates Functional Brown Adipogenesis and Thermogenesis by Inducing Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism
Molecular and Cellular Biology; 2012 Jul 1. 32 (14):2871-2879.
BNip3 regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism in the liver.
Mol Cell Biol; 2012 Jul 1. 32 (13):2570-84.
Hepatic Src Homology Phosphatase 2 Regulates Energy Balance in Mice
Endocrinology; 2012 Jul 1. 153 (7):3158-3169.
Acyl-CoA thioesterase Them5/Acot15 is involved in cardiolipin remodeling and fatty liver development
Mol Cell Biol; 2012 Jul 1. 32 (14):2685-97.
Methazolamide Is a New Hepatic Insulin Sensitizer That Lowers Blood Glucose In Vivo
Diabetes; 2012 Aug 1. 61 (8):2146-54.
LRH-1-dependent glucose sensing determines intermediary metabolism in liver
J Clin Invest; 2012 Aug 1. 122 (8):2817-26.
Impact of high glucose and transforming growth factor-beta on bioenergetic profiles in podocytes
Metabolism; 2012 Aug 1. 61 (8):1073-86.
Brown Remodeling of White Adipose Tissue by SirT1-Dependent Deacetylation of Ppargamma
Cell; 2012 Aug 3. 150 (3):620-632.
Polysome profiling in liver identifies dynamic regulation of endoplasmic reticulum translatome by obesity and fasting
PLoS Genet; 2012 Aug 23. 8 (8):e1002902.
Production of Functional Classical Brown Adipocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells using Specific Hemopoietin Cocktail without Gene Transfer
Cell Metab; 2012 Sep 5. 16 (3):394-406.
MitoNEET-driven alterations in adipocyte mitochondrial activity reveal a crucial adaptive process that preserves insulin sensitivity in obesity
Nat Med; 2012 Sep 9. 18 (10):1539-49.
Zbtb16 has a role in brown adipocyte bioenergetics
Nutr Diabetes; 2012 Sep 17. 2 (9):e46.
Protein carbonylation and adipocyte mitochondrial function
J Biol Chem; 2012 Sep 21. 287 (39):32967-32980.
Fatty acids revert the inhibition of respiration caused by the antidiabetic drug metformin to facilitate their mitochondrial beta-oxidation
Biochim Biophys Acta; 2012 Oct 1. 1817 (20):1768-75.
Role of TRIB3 in Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity and Nutrient Metabolism during Short-term Fasting and Nutrient Excess
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab; 2012 Oct 1. 303 (7):E908-16.
TAp63 Is a Master Transcriptional Regulator of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism
Cell Metab; 2012 Oct 3. 16 (4):511-525.
Histone deacetylase 5 regulates glucose uptake and insulin action in muscle cells
J Mol Endocrinol; 2012 Oct 12. 49 (3):203-211.
Overexpression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity and Regulates Adipocyte Phenotype
Circ Res; 2012 Oct 12. 111 (9):1176-89.
Hedgehog partial agonism drives Warburg-like metabolism in muscle and brown fat
Cell; 2012 Oct 12. 151 (2):414-426.
Conjugated linoleic acid or omega 3 fatty acids increase mitochondrial biosynthesis and metabolism in skeletal muscle cells
Lipids Health Dis; 2012 Oct 30. 11 (1):142.
Oxidative damage to DNA by diesel exhaust particle exposure in co-cultures of human lung epithelial cells and macrophages
Mutagenesis; 2012 Nov 1. 27 (6):693-701.
MyomiR-133 regulates brown fat differentiation through Prdm16
Nat Cell Biol; 2012 Nov 11. 14 (12):1330-1335.
Glutathionylation state of uncoupling protein-2 and the control of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
J Biol Chem; 2012 Nov 16. 287 (47):39673-85.
Skeletal muscle Nur77 expression enhances oxidative metabolism and substrate utilization
J Lipid Res; 2012 Dec 1. 53 (12):2610-9.
Shc proteins influence the activities of enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis
Metabolism; 2012 Dec 1. 61 (12):1703-13.
Enhanced phosphoinositide 3-kinase(p110alpha) activity prevents diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy and superoxide generation in a mouse model of diabetes
Diabetologia; 2012 Dec 1. 55 (12):3369-81.
GSH or Palmitate Preserves Mitochondrial Energetic/Redox Balance, Preventing Mechanical Dysfunction in Metabolically Challenged Myocytes/Hearts From Type 2 Diabetic Mice
Diabetes; 2012 Dec 1. 61 (12):3094-3105.
Adipose-Specific Deletion of TFAM Increases Mitochondrial Oxidation and Protects Mice against Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Cell Metab; 2012 Dec 5. 16 (6):765-76.
p62 Links beta-adrenergic input to mitochondrial function and thermogenesis
J Clin Invest; 2013 Jan 2. 123 (1):469-478.
Essential Roles of 11beta-HSD1 in regulating brown adipocyte function
J Mol Endocrinol; 2013 Jan 11. 50 (1):103-113.
Central Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor (Glp1r)-Induced Anorexia Requires Glucose Metabolism-Mediated Suppression of AMPK and is Impaired by Central Fructose
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Jan 22; [Epub ahead of print].
Cellular Mechanism by Which Estradiol Protects Female Ovariectomized Mice from High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic and Muscle Insulin Resistance
Endocrinology. 2013 Jan 30; [Epub ahead of print].
Novel cell-based assay reveals associations of circulating serum AhR-ligands with metabolic syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction
BioFactors. 2013 Jan 30; [Epub ahead of print].
Pioglitazone acutely reduces energy metabolism and insulin secretion in rats
Diabetes. 2013 Feb 1; [Epub ahead of print].
Ablation of TRIP-Br2, a regulator of fat lipolysis, thermogenesis and oxidative metabolism, prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance
Nat Med; 2013 Feb 1. 19 (2):217-26.
Translational Control of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase by p38 MAPK in Islet beta-Cells
Mol Endocrinol; 2013 Feb 1. 27 (2):336-349.
Ciliary neurotrophic factor activates NF-kappaB to enhance mitochondrial bioenergetics and prevent neuropathy in sensory neurons of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rodents
Neuropharmacology; 2013 Feb 1. 2013 Feb (65):65-73.
Knockdown of RyR3 Enhances Adiponectin Expression Through an atf3-Dependent Pathway
Endocrinology. 2013 Feb 6; [Epub ahead of print].
An inhibitor of the protein kinases TBK1 and IKK-varepsilon improves obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions in mice
Nat Med. 2013 Feb 10; [Epub ahead of print].
Synergistic effects of metformin, resveratrol, and hydroxymethylbutyrate on insulin sensitivity
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes; 2013 Feb 13. 6 (93-102):2013.
The role of aberrant mitochondrial bioenergetics in diabetic neuropathy
Neurobiol Dis; 2013 Mar 1.
Cell-based screening identifies paroxetine as an inhibitor of diabetic endothelial dysfunction
Diabetes; 2013 Mar 1. 62 (3):953-964.
Manganese supplementation protects against diet-induced diabetes in wild type mice by enhancing insulin secretion
Endocrinology; 2013 Mar 1. 154 (3):1029-1038.
Adipose Subtype-Selective Recruitment of TLE3 or Prdm16 by PPARgamma Specifies Lipid Storage versus Thermogenic Gene Programs
Cell Metab; 2013 Mar 5. 17 (3):423-435.
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract regulates glucose and lipid metabolism by activating AMPK and PPAR pathways in HepG2 cells
J Agric Food Chem. 2013 Mar 6; [Epub ahead of print].
Coordinate changes in histone modifications, mRNA levels and metabolite profiles in clonal INS-1 832/13 beta-cells accompany functional adaptations to lipotoxicity
J Biol Chem. 2013 Mar 8; [Epub ahead of print].
Crif1 Deficiency Reduces Adipose OXPHOS Capacity and Triggers Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Mice
PLoS Genet; 2013 Mar 14. 9 (3):e1003356.
Erythropoietin contributes to slow oxidative muscle fiber specification via PGC-1a and AMPK activation
Int J Biochem Cell Biol; 2013 Mar 20.
Stimulation of autophagy improves endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced diabetes
Diabetes; 2013 Apr 1. 62 (4):1227-1237.
Methods for assessing mitochondrial function in diabetes
Diabetes; 2013 Apr 1. 62 (4):1041-1053.
Ablation of Dihydroceramide Desaturase-1, a Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases, Simultaneously Stimulates Anabolic and Catabolic Signaling
Mol Cell Biol. 2013 Apr 1; [Epub ahead of print].
Thiazolidinediones are acute, specific inhibitors of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 2013 Apr 2. 110 (14):5422-7.
Metabolomic profiling reveals a role for caspase-2 in lipoapoptosis
J Biol Chem.. 2013 Apr 3; [Epub ahead of print].
TFEB controls cellular lipid metabolism through a starvation-induced autoregulatory loop
Nature cell biology. 2013 Apr 21; [Epub ahead of print].
Activation of AMPK by Bitter Melon Triterpenoids Involves CaMKK[beta]
PloS one; 2013 Apr 25. 8 (4):e62309.
Anatomical localization, gene expression profiling and functional characterization of adult human neck brown fat
Nat Med; 2013 May 1. 19 (5):635-639.
Technical Posters
LKB1 controls beta-cell mitochondrial homeostasis and insulin secretion
Beta Cell Workshop 2013
April 23-26, 2013
Kyoto, JPCongenital hyperinsulinism and type 2 diabetes share involvement of DNA double strand breaks and p53 activity in beta-cells
Beta Cell Workshop 2013
April 23-26, 2013
Kyoto, JPBioenergetic characterization of adipogenesis impaired by inflammation
Experimental Biology 2013
April 20-24, 2013
Boston, MAImpaired oxygen consumption in osteoblasts leads to reduced bone formation and low bone mass in IRS1 mutant mice.
Gordon Research Conference: Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Physiology & Disease
March 17-22, 2013
Ventura, CAUtilizing iPS cells to study the impact of genetically determined insulin resistance on cellular metabolism
Keystone Symposium: Diabetes - New Insights into Mechanism of Disease and its Treatment
January 27-1, 2013
Keystone, CODifferential LMNA splicing leads to metabolic disorders
Keystone Symposium: Adipose Tissue Biology
January 27-1, 2013
Keystone, COFat depot-dependent differences in bioenergetics of white adipocyte mitochondria
Keystone Symposium: Adipose Tissue Biology
January 27-1, 2013
Keystone, COIncreased Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Oxidation Protects Mice against Obesity and Insulin resistance
Keystone Symposium: Diabetes – New Insights into Mechanism of Disease and its Treatment
January 27-1, 2013
Keystone, COMetabolic remodeling of white adipose tissue in obesity
Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (SFRBM 2012)
November 15-18, 2012
San Diego, CAThe Role of Mitochondrial Genetic Background on Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Energy Balance
Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (SFRBM 2012)
November 15-18, 2012
San Diego, CAEndothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Prevents Obesity by Promoting Futile Protein Turnover
Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (SFRBM 2012)
November 15-18, 2012
San Diego, CACisd2 deficiency leads to impaired differentiation and function of adipocytes in mice
9th Conference of the Asian Society of Mitochondrial Research and Medicine (ASMRM)
November 2-5, 2012
Beijing, CNMyotubes derived from obese non-diabetic subjects with a family history of type 2 diabetes present mitochondrial defects with no sign of insulin resistance
Obesity 2012
September 20-24, 2012
San Antonio, TXIntracellular acetyl CoA concentrations in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, dynamics and function
Obesity 2012
September 20-24, 2012
San Antonio, TXAge and High Fat Diet Associated Changes in Mitochondrial ROS Production in the Liver
European Bioenergetic Conference (EBEC 2012)
September 15-20, 2012
Freiberg, DEMolecular characterization of nonshivering thermogenesis in a 'protoendothermic' mammal, the Lesser hedgehog tenrec (Echinops telfairi)
European Bioenergetic Conference (EBEC 2012)
September 15-20, 2012
Freiberg, DEBioenergetic profiling of white adipocyte mitochondria
European Bioenergetic Conference (EBEC 2012)
September 15-20, 2012
Freiberg, DEProbing the involvement of mitochondria in the cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects of fatty acids in INS-1 insulinoma cells.
EMBO|EMBL Symposium Diabetes and Obesity
September 13-16, 2012
Heidelberg, DEEffect of glucose concentration on mitochondrial metabolism of C2C12 cells
EMBO|EMBL Symposium Diabetes and Obesity
September 13-16, 2012
Heidelberg, DEPalmitate causes mitochondrial DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle cells
EMBO|EMBL Symposium Diabetes and Obesity
September 13-16, 2012
Heidelberg, DEFenofibrate Increases Lipid Metabolism in Human Skeletal Muscle
American Diabetes Association 72nd Scientific Sessions (ADA 2012)
June 8-12, 2012
Philadelphia, PACarnitine Palmitoyltransferase-1 Deficiency Impairs Fatty Acid Oxidation in Skeletal Muscle, but Preserves Insulin Sensitivity
American Diabetes Association 72nd Scientific Sessions (ADA 2012)
June 8-12, 2012
Philadelphia, PARetinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 is a novel regulator of brown fat function in white adipose tissue
19th European Congress on Obesity
May 9-12, 2012
Lyon, FranceEffect of Obesity on Mitochondrial Function and Hypoxia Susceptibility in Human Syncytiotrophoblasts
Society for Gynecological Investigation (SGI) 2012
March 21-24, 2012
San Diego, CAReduction of Malate Dehydrogenase Expression Blunts Activation of the AMPK Signaling Pathway
Keystone Symposia Pathogenesis of Diabetes: Emerging Insights into Molecular Mechanisms
January 29-3, 2012
Santa Fe, NMSTARS Regulates AMPK Phosphorylation and Oxidative Capacity
Keystone Symposia: Genetic and Molecular Basis of Obesity and Body Weight Regulation
January 29-3, 2012
Santa Fe, NMDeletion of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1a (BMPR1a) in POMC Neurons Results in Hyperphagia and Increased Sympathetic Outflow to Brown and Whit
Keystone Symposia: Genetic and Molecular Basis of Obesity and Body Weight Regulation
January 29-3, 2012
Santa Fe, NMMitochondria Dysfunction created by Deletion of TFAM in Adipose Tissues Paradoxically Protects Mice against Obesity and Insulin resistance.
Keystone Symposia Pathogenesis of Diabetes: Emerging Insights into Molecular Mechanisms
January 29-3, 2012
Santa Fe, NMMitochondrial dynamics play a key role in brown adipocyte activation
Mitochondrial Physiology and Medicine
September 7-11, 2011
Woods Hole, MASelective over expression of toll-like receptor 4 in skeletal muscle causes impaired adaptation to high-fat feeding
American Diabetes Association 71st Scientific Sessions
June 24-28, 2011
San Diego, CADeletion of the Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A (TFAM) in Adipose Tissue Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Protects Mice from Obesity and Insulin Resistance
American Diabetes Association 71st Scientific Sessions
June 24-28, 2011
San Diego, CAThe role of toll-like receptor 4 in mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in skeletal muscle
Experimental Biology 2011
April 9-13, 2011
Washington, DC, USEffect of Diabetes Mellitus on Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
D-Cure's 5th Annual Symposium
March 29-30, 2011
Tel Aviv, IsraelThe CREB coactivators, Crtc2 and Crtc3 Function as Exercise Mimetics in Skeletal Muscle
Keystone Symposia on Type 2 Diabetes, Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Dysfunction
January 13-15, 2011
Keystone, CO, USHSP72 preserves insulin sensitivity and prevents peripheral tissue lipotoxicity by increasing oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle
Keystone Symposia on Type 2 Diabetes, Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Dysfunction
January 13-15, 2011
Keystone, CO, USClass IIa histone deacetylases contribute to skeletal muscle transcriptional and metabolic remodeling and oxidative stress in insulin resistance
Keystone Symposia on Type 2 Diabetes, Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Dysfunction
January 13-15, 2011
Keystone, CO, USChronic hyperglycemia - induced attenuation of mitochondrial reserve capacity mediates mesangial cell dysfunction in diabetes
Society for Free Radical Biology's 17th Annual Meeting
November 17-20, 2010
Orlando, FL, USDifferential regulation of metabolic pathways by Snitrosation in endothelial cells
Society for Free Radical Biology's 17th Annual Meeting
November 17-20, 2010
Orlando, FL, USThe Mesodermal Developmental Gene Tbx15 Regulates Triglyceride Accumulation and Mitochondria Respiration in Adipocytes
Obesity 2010
October 11, 2010
San Diego, CAIslet respiratory leak is acutely regulated by nutrients and ROS and is dysregulated in the obese state
European Association for the Study of Diabetes Annual Meeting
September 20-24, 2010
Stockholm, SwedenBrown adipocyte activation is characterized by a wave of mitochondrial fission and depolarization that is dependent on [Beta]3 receptor stimulation and Drp1, and is characterized by complete, but reversible, arrest of fusion
Brown Adipose Tissue and Human Obesity Conference
July 10, 2010
Stockholm, SwedenThe Homeobox Protein Prox1 is a Negative Modulator of ERR[Alpha]/PGC-1[Alpha] Bioenergetic Functions
Nuclear Receptors: Development, Physiology and Disease
March 21-26, 2010
Keystone, CO, USGlucose availability modulates mitochondrial sources of NADPH in skeletal muscle cells: Implications for oxidative stress
Charleston Conference on Mitochondria Physiology and Pathobiology
November 16, 2009
Isle of Palms, NC, USNovel Islet Respirometry Assay Reveals High Levels of Uncoupled Respiration in Islets
Charleston Conference on Mitochondria Physiology and Pathobiology
November 16, 2009
Isle of Palms, NC, US[Beta]-Adrenergic and cAMP-Stimulated Mitochondrial Uncoupling in Human Adipocytes
69th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association
June 5-9, 2009
New Orleans, LA, USMetformin-Induced Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex I Activity Stimulates Fatty Acid Oxidation and Glycolysis While Blunting Glucose Oxidation in C2C12 Myocytes
Gordon Research Conference: Molecular & Cellular Bioenergetics
June 17, 2007
Andover, NHA Novel, Non-Radioactive Method for Measuring Fatty Acid Oxidation and Cellular Metabolism in C2C12 Myocytes
Endocrine Society 2006 Annual Meeting
June 24, 2006
Boston, MAExtracellular Flux as an Indicator of Cellular Metabolism
NAASO Annual Meeting
October 15, 2005
Vancouver, BC, CA
Webinars

Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
E. Dale Abel MD PhD, University of Utah School of Medicine
December 14, 2011
Biochemical analysis in C. elegans as a model for metabolic disease and aging
Laurent Mouchiroud, PhD, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Riekelt H. Houtkooper, PhD, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
November 30, 2011
Using Reserve Capacity to Screen for Mitochondrial Toxicities and Biogenesis
Craig C. Beeson, PhD, Medical University of South Carolina
March 23, 2011
New dimensions in adipocyte metabolism: Using the XF to probe human and rodent adipocytes and adipose tissue
Sheila Collins, PhD, Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute
Einav Yehuda-Shnaidman PhD, RD, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
February 9, 2011
Molecular Scaffolds KSR1/2: Implications for Obesity and Cancer
Robert Lewis, PhD, University of Nebraska Cancer Center
March 24, 2010
How to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Whole Islets. Sensing the nutrient sensor: measuring bioenergetic parameters from intact mouse and human islets of langerhans
Orian Shirihai, MD, PhD, Boston University Medical Center
July 16, 2009
The Bioenergetics of Obesity: New Approaches to Characterize Genes Affecting Energy Balance in Mouse Models
Karen Reue, PhD, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
April 30, 2009
Tutorial: Measuring Bioenergetics in a Variety of Cell Types
David Ferrick, PhD, CSO, Seahorse Bioscience
July 17, 2008
Mitochondrial dysfunction is central to the pathophysiology of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders, and are associated with insulin resistance.
The XF Analyzer generates data that can provide new understanding in relation to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders, and mitochondrial dysfunction, by allowing the measurement of cellular metabolism in real-time, in a microplate. By measuring the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) - a measure of mitochondrial respiration; as well as the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) - a measure of glycolysis, you will be provided with the most physiologically relevant in vitro measurement for your bioenergetic studies.
- Aging
- Cancer
- Cardiovascular
- Cell Physiology
- Immunology
- Mitochondrial Diseases
- Model Organisms
- Neurodegeneration
- Obesity, Diabetes, & Metabolic Disorders
- Screening
- Stem Cell Biology
- Toxicology & Hepatobiology
- Translational Medicine
Webinar On-Demand
Using a novel permeabilization reagent to uncover mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction

Anne Murphy, PhD,
University of California
February 27, 2013
Advanced XF Training
Understanding When and How to Use Intact Cells and Isolated Mitochondria in Investigating Bioenergetics
Learn More
XF Stress Test Kits
XF Glycolysis Stress Test Kit
Now it's easy to measure glycolytic function in cells.
Learn MoreXF Cell Mito Stress Test Kit
Everything you need to measure mitochondrial function in cells.
Learn More
