Applications in Neurodegeneration
App Notes & Tech Briefs
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Bioenergetic Analysis of Primary Neuronal Deficiencies
Sensitive assay to measure mitochondrial dysfunction characteristic of Parkinson's, Huntington's and other neurodegenerative diseases
Mitochondria play central roles in meeting the demands of neuronal synapses for energy (ATP). Mitochondrial dysfunction results in impaired neuroplasticity, neuronal degeneration and cell death, and is now recognized as a key element in neurodegenerative diseases...
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Assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in primary cardiomyocytes
Mitochondrial reserve capacity is a sensitive measure of cellular stress
This Application Note describes a method for profiling mitochondrial function in cells responding to stress. The mitochondrial profile generated in this way provides four parameters of mitochondrial function that can be measured in one experiment...
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Screening for Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Toxicity
A sensitive and robust cell-based screening assay.
Mitochondrial damage compromises ATP production and consequentially cellular viability. Given the central role that mitochondria play in regulating cellular function, drugs that undermine mitochondrial function frequently elicit toxic effects...
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Analyzing microgram quantities of isolated mitochondria in the XF24 Analyzer
Enhanced appreciation of the role of altered mitochondrial function in tumorigenesis, aging, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases has stimulated the development of a variety of new approaches for assessing mitochondrial function and dysfunction. As the field moves towards the discovery of mitochondrial-related, molecular mechanisms that underlie disease, and drugs to prevent or reverse disease development, the demand for higher throughput and more sensitive assay methods increases...
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Publications
Bioenergetic analysis of isolated cerebrocortical nerve terminals on a microgram scale: spare respiratory capacity and stochastic mitochondrial failure
J Neurochem; 2009 May 1. 109 (4):1179-1191.
Mitochondrial bioenergetic deficit precedes Alzheimer's pathology in female mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 2009 Aug 25. 106 (34):14670-14675.
Mitochondrial Medicine and the Neurodegenerative Mitochondriopathies
Pharmaceuticals; 2009 Dec 3. 2 (3):150-167.
Nutrient-sensitized screening for drugs that shift energy metabolism from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis
Nat Biotechnol; 2010 Mar 1. 28 (3):249-255.
Loss of thymidine kinase 2 alters neuronal bioenergetics and leads to neurodegeneration
Hum Mol Genet; 2010 May 1. 19 (9):1669-1677.
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Antagonizes Estrogen Up-Regulation of Brain Mitochondrial Function
Endocrinology; 2010 Dec 15. 152 (2):556-567.
KB-R7943, an inhibitor of the reverse Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger, blocks N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and inhibits mitochondrial complex I
Br J Pharmacol; 2011 Jan 1. 162 (1):255-270.
Mitochondrial bioenergetics is defective in presymptomatic Tg2576 AD Mice
Translational Neuroscience; 2011 Jan 5. 2 (1)
Inducible dopaminergic glutathione depletion in an α-synuclein transgenic mouse model results in age-related olfactory dysfunction
Neuroscience; 2011 Jan 13. 172 (1):379-386.
Meclizine is neuroprotective in models of Huntington's disease
Hum Mol Genet; 2011 Jan 15. 20 (2):294-300.
Apolipoprotein e4 domain interaction mediates detrimental effects on mitochondria and is a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer disease
J Biol Chem; 2011 Feb 18. 286 (7):5215-5221.
Mutations in TTC19 cause mitochondrial complex III deficiency and neurological impairment in humans and flies
Nat Genet; 2011 Mar 1. 43 (3):259-263.
Glutamate Transport Decreases Mitochondrial pH and Modulates Oxidative Metabolism in Astrocytes
J Neurosci; 2011 Mar 9. 31 (10):3550-3559.
Analysis of regional brain mitochondrial bioenergetics and susceptibility to mitochondrial inhibition utilizing a microplate based system
Journal of Neuroscience Methods; 2011 Mar 15. 198 (1):36-43.
Estrogen protection against mitochondrial toxin-induced cell death in hippocampal neurons: Antagonism by progesterone
Brain Res; 2011 Mar 16. 1379 (1):40584.
Intrinsic bioenergetic properties and stress sensitivity of dopaminergic synaptosomes
J Neurosci; 2011 Mar 23. 31 (12):4524-4534.
Impaired spare respiratory capacity in cortical synaptosomes from Sod2 null mice
Free Radic Biol Med; 2011 Apr 1. 50 (7):866-873.
Alternative mitochondrial electron transfer as a novel strategy for neuroprotection
J Biol Chem; 2011 May 6. 286 (18):16504-16515.
To eat or not to eat: neuronal metabolism, mitophagy, and Parkinson's disease
Antioxid Redox Signal; 2011 May 15. 14 (10):1979-1987.
High-mobility group box 1 is essential for mitochondrial quality control
Cell Metab; 2011 Jun 8. 13 (6):701-711.
Mitochondrial aconitase knockdown attenuates paraquat-induced dopaminergic cell death via decreased cellular metabolism and release of iron and H(2) O(2)
J Neurochem; 2011 Jul 1. 118 (1):79-92.
Mutation in the mitochondrial tRNAVal causes mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes
Mitochondrion; 2011 Jul 1. 11 (4):615-619.
2-deoxy-d-glucose treatment induces ketogenesis, sustains mitochondrial function, and reduces pathology in female mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
PLoS One; 2011 Jul 1. 6 (7):e21788.
DHA protects against zinc mediated alterations in neuronal cellular bioenergetics
Cell Physiol Biochem; 2011 Aug 26. 28 (1):157-162.
DJ-1 knock-down impairs astrocyte mitochondrial function
Neuroscience; 2011 Nov 24. (196):251-64.
Mitochondrially localized PKA reverses mitochondrial pathology and dysfunction in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease
Cell Death Differ; 2011 Dec 1. 18 (12):1914-23.
Differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells to a neuronal phenotype changes cellular bioenergetics and the response to oxidative stress
Free Radical Biology and Medicine; 2011 Dec 1. 51 (11):2007-17.
Adaptation of microplate-based respirometry for hippocampal slices and analysis of respiratory capacity
J Neurosci Res; 2011 Dec 1. 89 (12):1979-1988.
Selective oestrogen receptor modulators differentially potentiate brain mitochondrial function
J Neuroendocrinol; 2012 Jan 1. 24 (1):236-248.
ATP13A2 regulates mitochondrial bioenergetics through macroautophagy
Neurobiol Dis; 2012 Mar 1. 45 (3):962-72.
Ethanol withdrawal hastens the aging of cytochrome c oxidase
Neurobiol Aging; 2012 Mar 1. 33 (3):618.e21-32.
Mitochondrial oxidative stress and epilepsy in SOD2 deficient mice: Attenuation by a lipophilic metalloporphyrin
Neurobiol Dis; 2012 Mar 1. 45 (3):1068-76.
Traumatic brain injury and trichloroethylene exposure interact and produce functional, histological, and mitochondrial deficits
Exp Neurol; 2012 Mar 1. 234 (1):85-94.
Effects of dexpramipexole on brain mitochondrial conductances and cellular bioenergetic efficiency
Brain Res; 2012 Mar 29. (1446):1-11.
Estrogen Prevents Oxidative Damage to the Mitochondria in Friedreich's Ataxia Skin Fibroblasts
PLoS One; 2012 Apr 3. 7 (4):e34600.
Investigation of Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Sequential Microplate-Based Respiration Measurements from Intact and Permeabilized Neurons
PLoS One; 2012 Apr 4. 7 (3):e34465.
Cockayne syndrome group B protein prevents the accumulation of damaged mitochondria by promoting mitochondrial autophagy
J Exp Med; 2012 Apr 9. 209 (4):855-869.
Sustained expression of PGC-1alpha in the rat nigrostriatal system selectively impairs dopaminergic function
Hum Mol Genet; 2012 Apr 15. 21 (8):1861-76.
BAD-Dependent Regulation of Fuel Metabolism and K(ATP) Channel Activity Confers Resistance to Epileptic Seizures
Neuron; 2012 May 24. 74 (4):719-730.
Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis contributes to depletion of functional mitochondria in chronic MPP(+) toxicity: dual roles for ERK1/2
Cell Death Dis; 2012 May 24. 3 (e312)
Impaired adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signalling in dorsal root ganglia neurons is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and peripheral neuropathy in diabetes
Brain; 2012 Jun 1. 135 (Pt 6):1751-66.
Neuronal Hypoxia Induces Hsp40-Mediated Nuclear Import of Type 3 Deiodinase As an Adaptive Mechanism to Reduce Cellular Metabolism
The Journal of Neuroscience; 2012 Jun 20. 32 (25):8491-8500.
Pharmacological Rescue of Mitochondrial Deficits in iPSC-Derived Neural Cells from Patients with Familial Parkinson's Disease
Sci Transl Med; 2012 Jul 4. 4 (141):141ra190.
Loss of DJ-1 Does Not Affect Mitochondrial Respiration but Increases ROS Production and Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening
PLoS One; 2012 Jul 9. 7 (7):e40501.
Ovarian hormone loss induces bioenergetic deficits and mitochondrial beta-amyloid
Neurobiol Aging; 2012 Aug 1. 33 (8):1507-1521.
Genetic Correction of Huntington's Disease Phenotypes in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Cell Stem Cell; 2012 Aug 3. 11 (2):253-63.
Selective binding of nuclear alpha-synuclein to the PGC1alpha promoter under conditions of oxidative stress may contribute to losses in mitochondrial function: implications for Parkinson's disease
Free Radical Biology and Medicine; 2012 Aug 15. 53 (4):993-1003.
Swedish Alzheimer Mutation Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction Mediated by HSP60 Mislocalization of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and Beta-Amyloid
J Biol Chem; 2012 Aug 31. 287 (36):30317-30327.
Alterations in bioenergetic function induced by Parkinson's disease mimetic compounds: Lack of correlation with superoxide generation
J Neurochem; 2012 Sep 1. 122 (5):941-51.
Key electrophysiological, molecular, and metabolic signatures of sleep and wakefulness revealed in primary cortical cultures
J Neurosci; 2012 Sep 5. 32 (36):12506-12517.
Mitochondrial DNA damage Is associated with reduced mitochondrial bioenergetics in Huntington's disease
Free Radic Biol Med; 2012 Oct 1. 53 (7):1478-88.
Methylene blue as a cerebral metabolic and hemodynamic enhancer
PLoS One; 2012 Oct 9. 7 (10):e46585.
Mitochondrial biogenesis contributes to ischemic neuroprotection afforded by LPS pre-conditioning
Journal of Neurochemistry. 2012 Oct 11; [Epub ahead of print].
Mitochondrial dynamics regulate growth cone motility, guidance, and neurite growth rate in perinatal retinal ganglion cells in vitro
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci; 2012 Oct 30. 53 (11):7402-7411.
Neuroprotective actions of methylene blue and its derivatives
PLoS One; 2012 Oct 31. 7 (10):e48279.
Early mitochondrial abnormalities in hippocampal neurons cultured from Fmr1 premutation mouse model
J Neurochem; 2012 Nov 1. 123 (4):613-21.
Nuclear depletion of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Ape1/ref-1) is an indicator of energy disruption in neurons
Free Radic Biol Med; 2012 Nov 1. 53 (9):1782-90.
Caprylic Triglyceride as a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Effectively Improve the Performance and Attenuate the Symptoms Due to the Motor Neuron Loss in ALS Disease
PLoS One; 2012 Nov 7. 7 (11):e49191.
No consistent bioenergetic defects in presynaptic nerve terminals isolated from mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
J Neurosci; 2012 Nov 21. 32 (47):16775-16784.
Targeting of XJB-5-131 to Mitochondria Suppresses Oxidative DNA Damage and Motor Decline in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease
Cell Rep; 2012 Nov 29. 2 (5):1137-42.
Thioredoxin reductase deficiency potentiates oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in dopaminergic cells
PLoS One; 2012 Nov 30. 7 (11):e50683.
Mutant Twinkle increases dopaminergic neurodegeneration, mtDNA deletions and modulates Parkin expression
Hum Mol Genet; 2012 Dec 1. 21 (23):5147-58.
Alteration of Fatty-Acid-Metabolizing Enzymes Affects Mitochondrial Form and Function in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
Am J Hum Genet; 2012 Dec 7. 91 (6):1051-64.
Comprehensive method for culturing embryonic dorsal root ganglion neurons for Seahorse Extracellular Flux XF24 Analysis
Frontiers in Neurology; 2012 Dec 14. 3 (175)
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration: altered mitochondria membrane potential and defective respiration in Pank2 knock-out mouse model
Hum Mol Genet; 2012 Dec 15. 21 (24):5294-305.
Administration of the Nrf2-ARE activators sulforaphane and carnosic acid attenuates 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-induced mitochondrial dysfunction ex vivo
Free Radic Biol Med; 2012 Dec 27. 57C (1)
Olesoxime protects embryonic cortical neurons from camptothecin intoxication by a mechanism distinct from BDNF
Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Dec 28; [Epub ahead of print].
Effect of Cholinergic Signaling on Neuronal Cell Bioenergetics
J Alzheimers Dis; 2013 Jan 1. 33 (4):1135-46.
Glycolysis-respiration relationships in a neuroblastoma cell line
Biochim Biophys Acta; 2013 Jan 10. 1830 (4):2891-2898.
Blocking c-jun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK) Translocation to the Mitochondria Prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Toxicity in vitro and in vivo
J Biol Chem; 2013 Jan 11. 288 (2):1079-87.
Phenelzine mitochondrial functional preservation and neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury related to scavenging of the lipid peroxidation-derived aldehyde 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 Jan 16; [Epub ahead of print].
Mitochondrial quality, dynamics and functional capacity in Parkinson's disease cybrid cell lines selected for Lewy body expression
Mol Neurodegener; 2013 Jan 26. 8 (1):6.
Early alterations in mitochondrial reserve capacity; a means to predict subsequent photoreceptor cell death
J Bioenerg Biomembr; 2013 Feb 1. 45 (1-2):101-9.
Metabolism of 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1-2-3-6-tetrahydropyridine by Mitochondria-targeted Cytochrome P450 2D6: Implications in Parkinson's Disease
J Biol Chem; 2013 Feb 8. 288 (6):4436-51.
Potentiation of brain mitochondrial function by S-equol and R/S-equol Estrogen Receptor beta selective phytoSERM treatments
Brain Res. 2013 Feb 18; [Epub ahead of print].
Single-wall carbon nanohorns inhibited activation of microglia induced by lipopolysaccharide through blocking of Sirt3
Nanoscale Res Lett; 2013 Feb 22. 8 (1):100.
Inflammatory response of microglial BV-2 cells includes a glycolytic shift and is modulated by mitochondrial glucose-regulated protein 75/mortalin
FEBS Lett; 2013 Mar 18. 587 (6):756-62.
The role of CSA and CSB protein in the oxidative stress response
Mech Ageing Dev. 2013 Apr 3; [Epub ahead of print].
Betaine Protects Against Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells
Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2013 Apr 20; [Epub ahead of print].
Technical Posters
Effects of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 on mitochondrial function in cortical neuron cultures
ISN/ASN Annual Meeting
April 20-24, 2013
Cancun, MXAmyloid-Beta Binding Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ABAD), Estradiol and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease
11th International Conference on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases (ADPD 2013)
March 6-10, 2013
Florence, ITMitochondrial Biogenesis up-regulation in MCI and AD cybrids
11th International Conference on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases (ADPD 2013)
March 6-10, 2013
Florence, ITA Natural H2S Donor Found in Garlic Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion Damage in Neurons by Protecting Mitochondrial Respiration
Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (SFRBM 2012)
November 15-18, 2012
San Diego, CADecline in mitochondrial function after autophagic stress in a human Parkinson's disease cell model
Neuroscience 2012
October 14-17, 2012
New Orleans, LARole of the Ca2+ uniporter and the mitochondrial Ca2+-activated transporters of aspartate/glutamate (aralar/AGC1) and ATP-Mg/Pi (SCaMC-3) in agonist-stimulated respiration of intact cerebral cortex neurons
European Bioenergetic Conference (EBEC 2012)
September 15-20, 2012
Freiberg, DEEvidence for Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Animal Models of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Gordon Research Conference on Mechanisms of Epilepsy & Neuronal Synchronization
August 19-24, 2012
Waterville Valley, NHAlterations in bioenergetic function induced by Parkinson's disease mimetic compounds: Lack of correlation with superoxide generation
Gordon Research Conference: Neurobiology of Brain Disorders - Synaptic Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration
August 5-10, 2012
Easton, MAComparison of synaptosomal mitochondrial function and integrity in brain regions containing axon terminals of nigrostriatal and tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons in parkin-deficient mice
National MD/PhD Student Conference
July 6-8, 2012
Keystone, COMitochondrial impairment in patient fibroblasts from manifesting and non-manifesting LRRK2G2019S mutation carriers
Mitochondrial Trafficking and Function in Neuronal Health and Disease
June 25-26, 2012
Boston, MAReprogramming Mitochondrial Fuel Metabolism by BAD modulates neuronal excitability through the K-ATP channel
Keystone Symposia: Mitochondrial Dynamics and Function
March 19-24, 2012
Banff, Alberta, CAImpaired AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in dorsal root ganglia neurons is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and peripheral neuropathy in DM
Keystone symposia - Complications of Diabetes: Mechanisms of Injury and Failure of Repair
March 11-16, 2012
Boston, MAPink1-deficient mice as a potential model to study common mechanisms of diabetes and neuronal dysfunction
American Society for Neurochemistry (ASN) Conference 2012
March 3-7, 2012
Baltimore, MDMitochondrial inhibition and oxidant production differs between pharmacologic models of Parkinson's disease
Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (SFRBM) 2011
November 16-20, 2011
Atlanta, GAInhibition of Thioredoxin Reductase potentiates paraquat-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity in N27 dopaminergic cells
Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (SFRBM) 2011
November 16-20, 2011
Atlanta, GAReliable in vivo measurement of mitochondrial bioenergetics in animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy
Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine (SFRBM) 2011
November 16-20, 2011
Atlanta, GAPartial dependence of rotenone toxicity on mitochondrial respiration: Effects of galactose versus glucose as energy sources
Neuroscience 2011
November 12, 2011
Washington DCAssessment of caprylic triglyceride for dietary intervention in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model
Neuroscience 2011
November 12, 2011
Washington DCPreclinical efficacy of 2-Deoxyglucose to sustain mitochondrial metabolic function and delay progression of Alzheimer's pathology
Neuroscience 2011
November 12, 2011
Washington DCMutations in ATP13A2 impact on mitochondrial function and morphology
84th Congress of the German Society of Neurology (DGN)
September 28-1, 2011
Wiesbaden, DEStimulation of mitochondrial motility in hippocampal neurons improves neurite distribution and bioenergetic capacity
Mitochondrial Dynamics: From Mechanism to Disease
September 11-15, 2011
Sardinia, ITSCaMC-3, The Brain and Liver Mitochondrial ATP-Mg/Pi Transporter, Prevents Mitochondrial Damage During Excitotoxicity Insults in vitro and in vivo by
Gordon Research Conference on Calcium Signalling
June 26-1, 2011
Waterville Valley, METhe Effects of Idebenone on Mitochondrial Bioenergetics
Eighth European Meeting on Mitochondrial Pathology (EuroMIT8)
June 20-23, 2011
Zaragoza, SpainDNA damage precedes cell death in rotenone rat model of Parkinson's disease
Society for Free Radical Biology's 17th Annual Meeting
November 17-20, 2010
Orlando, FL, USOverexpression of the neuron-specific Drp1 isoform that includes exon 3 (ISO1) increases mitochondrial respiratory capacity in neurons
Neuroscience 2010
November 13-17, 2010
San Diego, CA, USNeuronal bioenergetic reserves: Importance in Parkinson's disease
Neuroscience 2010
November 13-17, 2010
San Diego, CA, USDJ-1 knock-down impairs astrocyte mitochondrial function
Neuroscience 2010
November 13-17, 2010
San Diego, CA, USDecreased Respiratory Capacity and Glycolytic Rates in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Revealed by Metabolic Flux Analysis of Hippocampal Synaptosomes
Neuroscience 2010
November 13-17, 2010
San Diego, CA, USReal-Time Monitoring of Mitochondrial and Cellular Bioenergetics in Cultured Neurons in a Microplate
Neuroscience 2008: Society for Neuroscience 38th Annual Meeting
November 15-19, 2008
Washington, DC
Webinars

Programming the Mitochondrial Choice of Fuel Substrates: Metabolic Control of Neuronal Excitability
Nika Danial, PhD, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
April 17, 2012
XF Glycolysis Stress Test Assesses Glycolysis and Glycolytic Capacity in Cells
Min Wu, PhD, Seahorse Bioscience
August 30, 2011
Adaptation of Microplate-based Respirometry for Hippocampal Brain Slices
Brian Polster, PhD, University of Maryland Medical School
May 12, 2011
Multidimensional control of mitochondrial energy production: learning from physiology and pathology
Rodrigue Rossignol, PhD, Université de Bordeaux
April 27, 2011
Spare Respiratory Capacity and the Bioenergetics of the Nerve Terminal
David Nicholls, PhD, FRSE, Buck Institute for Age Research & Lund University
December 3, 2009
Acute Brain Injury: Assessing Mitochondrial Dysfunction and the Role of Calpain Proteases in vitro
Brian Polster, PhD, University of Maryland Medical School
August 19, 2009
Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Human Disease: How mitochondria repair their genome and how to measure mtDNA repair using quantitative PCR
Ben Van Houten, PhD, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
May 21, 2009
Cybrid Modeling of Sporadic Neurodegenerative Disorders
Russell H. Swerdlow, MD, University of Kansas School of Medicine
March 16, 2009
Tutorial: Measuring Bioenergetics in a Variety of Cell Types
David Ferrick, PhD, CSO, Seahorse Bioscience
July 17, 2008
Bioenergetic Profiling in Translational Neuroscience
Jon Nilsen, PhD, University of Southern California
June 25, 2008
Quantifying the Mitochondrial Proton Circuit in Intact Cells - Volts and Amps
David G. Nicholls, PhD, FRSE, Buck Institute for Age Research
April 29, 2008
A major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in these neurodegenerative diseases. A progressive impairment of mitochondrial function and/or increased oxidative damage has been suggested to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative diseases.
The XF Analyzer generates data that can provide new understanding in relation to neurodegeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction, by allowing the measurement of cellular metabolism in real-time, in a microplate. By measuring the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) - a measure of mitochondrial respiration; as well as the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) - a measure of glycolysis, you will be provided with the most physiologically relevant in vitro measurement for your bioenergetic studies.
- Aging
- Cancer
- Cardiovascular
- Cell Physiology
- Immunology
- Mitochondrial Diseases
- Model Organisms
- Neurodegeneration
- Obesity, Diabetes, & Metabolic Disorders
- Screening
- Stem Cell Biology
- Toxicology & Hepatobiology
- Translational Medicine
Next Seahorse Webinar
Metabolic Adaptations in Fumarate Hydratase Deficient Cells

Christian Frezza, PhD,
Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
May 29, 2013
Advanced XF Training
Understanding When and How to Use Intact Cells and Isolated Mitochondria in Investigating Bioenergetics
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XF Stress Test Kits
XF Glycolysis Stress Test Kit
Now it's easy to measure glycolytic function in cells.
Learn MoreXF Cell Mito Stress Test Kit
Everything you need to measure mitochondrial function in cells.
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