Cell Physiology

Applications in Cell Physiology

App Notes & Tech Briefs

  • Functional validation of Genomic and Proteomic data

    A platform to validate proteins and pathways that alter mitochondrial function

    Comparative genomic and proteomic analyses have identified approximately half of the estimated 1500 mitochondrial proteins encoded by the human nuclear genome. In recently published studies, XF assays have extended these estimates via the identification of functional roles of some of the nuclear and mtDNA-encoded proteins, and in one case, clarifying assumptions about their activity that had been based on sequence homology data...

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  • Measuring mitochondrial respiration in intact skeletal muscle fibers

    Assessment of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle is a powerful tool for modeling neuromuscular conditions including muscular dystrophy, aging and cachexia. Similarly, skeletal muscle plays an important role in normal and pathological metabolism, such as obesity and diabetes. The majority of investigations use measurements of single mitochondrial enzymes as a surrogate to measuring mitochondrial function which does not provide a complete physiological readout of the mitochondria...

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  • Assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in primary cardiomyocytes

    Mitochondrial reserve capacity is a sensitive measure of cellular stress

    This Application Note describes a method for profiling mitochondrial function in cells responding to stress. The mitochondrial profile generated in this way provides four parameters of mitochondrial function that can be measured in one experiment...

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  • Defining metabolic phenotypes in cancer cells

    Kinetic assay reveals the dynamic interplay of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic pathways

    Malignant transformation of cells is often characterized by aerobic glycolysis, the conversion of glucose into lactate, despite the presence of oxygen. This metabolic shift, known as the Warburg effect, [1] can occur as a result of the activation or mutation of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, or as an adaptive response to hypoxia...

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  • Measuring glycolysis and oxidative metabolism in cancer cells

    Real-time assay enables scientists to connect metabolic pathways with oncogenic phenotypes

    Measuring the metabolic pathways in cancer cells, and their co-dependent or compensatory interplay, is important for understanding transformation mechanisms, mechanisms of malignant growth, cancer cell drug resistance, and for discovering potential drugs that are relatively specific for cancer cells...

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  • Analyzing microgram quantities of isolated mitochondria in the XF24 Analyzer

    Enhanced appreciation of the role of altered mitochondrial function in tumorigenesis, aging, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases has stimulated the development of a variety of new approaches for assessing mitochondrial function and dysfunction. As the field moves towards the discovery of mitochondrial-related, molecular mechanisms that underlie disease, and drugs to prevent or reverse disease development, the demand for higher throughput and more sensitive assay methods increases...

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Publications

Technical Posters

Webinars

With mitochondria being central to cell metabolism, mitochondrial function is a significant factor in a human health and diseases, therefore understanding the impact that mitochondrial function has on cell physiology is of great importance.

The XF Analyzer generates data that can provide new understanding in relation to Cell Physiology and mitochondrial dysfunction, by allowing the measurement of cellular metabolism in real-time, in a microplate. By measuring the oxygen consumption rate (OCR)—a measure of mitochondrial respiration; as well as the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR)—a measure of glycolysis, you will be provided with the most physiologically relevant in vitro measurement for your bioenergetic studies.